In Chemistry following topics are important according to IIT JEE
Physical chemistry
General
topics: Concept
of atoms and molecules; Dalton’s atomic theory; Mole concept; Chemical
formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations (based on mole concept)
involving common oxidation-reduction, neutralisation, and displacement
reactions; Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and
normality.
Gaseous and
liquid states: Absolute
scale of temperature, ideal gas equation; Deviation from ideality, van der
Waals equation; Kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean square and most
probable velocities and their relation with temperature; Law of partial
pressures; Vapour pressure; Diffusion of gases.
Atomic
structure and chemical bonding: Bohr
model, spectrum of hydrogen atom, quantum numbers; Wave-particle duality, de
Broglie hypothesis; Uncertainty principle; Qualitative quantum mechanical
picture of hydrogen atom, shapes of s, p and d orbitals; Electronic
configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36); Aufbau principle; Pauli’s
exclusion principle and Hund’s rule; Orbital overlap and covalent bond;
Hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only; Orbital energy diagrams for
homonuclear diatomic species; Hydrogen bond; Polarity in molecules,
dipole moment (qualitative aspects only); VSEPR model and shapes of molecules
(linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal,
trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).
Energetics: First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy,
work and heat, pressure-volume work; Enthalpy, Hess’s law; Heat of reaction,
fusion and vapourization; Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Free energy;
Criterion of spontaneity.
Chemical
equilibrium: Law of mass action; Equilibrium constant, Le
Chatelier’s principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure);
Significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium; Solubility product, common
ion effect, pH and buffer solutions; Acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis
concepts); Hydrolysis of salts.
Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells and cell reactions;
Standard electrode potentials; Nernst equation and its relation to ΔG;
Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells; Faraday’s laws of electrolysis;
Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity,
Kohlrausch’s law; Concentration cells.
Chemical
kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions; Order of reactions;
Rate constant; First order reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant
(Arrhenius equation).
Solid state: Classification of solids, crystalline state,
seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close packed
structure of solids (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest
neighbours, ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects.
Solutions:
Raoult’s law; Molecular weight determination from lowering of vapour pressure,
elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point.
Surface
chemistry: Elementary concepts of adsorption
(excluding adsorption isotherms); Colloids: types, methods of preparation and
general properties; Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles
(only definitions and examples).
Nuclear
chemistry: Radioactivity: isotopes and isobars;
Properties of α, β and γ rays; Kinetics of radioactive decay (decay series
excluded), carbon dating; Stability of nuclei with respect to proton-neutron
ratio; Brief discussion on fission and fusion reactions.
Inorganic Chemistry
Isolation/preparation and properties of the following
non-metals: Boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur and halogens;
Properties of allotropes of carbon (only diamond and graphite), phosphorus and
sulphur.
Preparation
and properties of the following compounds: Oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates,
bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and
calcium; Boron: diborane, boric acid and borax; Aluminium: alumina, aluminium
chloride and alums; Carbon: oxides and oxyacid (carbonic acid); Silicon:
silicones, silicates and silicon carbide; Nitrogen: oxides, oxyacids and
ammonia; Phosphorus: oxides, oxyacids (phosphorus acid, phosphoric acid) and
phosphine; Oxygen: ozone and hydrogen peroxide; Sulphur: hydrogen sulphide,
oxides, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate; Halogens:
hydrohalic acids, oxides and oxyacids of chlorine, bleaching powder; Xenon
fluorides.
Transition
elements (3d series): Definition,
general characteristics, oxidation states and their stabilities, colour
(excluding the details of electronic transitions) and calculation of spin-only
magnetic moment; Coordination compounds: nomenclature of mononuclear
coordination compounds, cis-trans and
ionisation isomerisms, hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination
compounds (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral).
Preparation
and properties of the following compounds: Oxides and chlorides of tin and lead; Oxides,
chlorides and sulphates of Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+; Potassium permanganate,
potassium dichromate, silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver thiosulphate.
Ores and minerals: Commonly occurring ores and minerals
of iron, copper, tin, lead, magnesium, aluminium, zinc and silver.
Extractive
metallurgy: Chemical
principles and reactions only (industrial details excluded); Carbon reduction
method (iron and tin); Self reduction method (copper and lead); Electrolytic
reduction method (magnesium and aluminium); Cyanide process (silver and gold).
Principles of
qualitative analysis: Groups
I to V (only Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+,
Bi3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Ca2+,
Ba2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+); Nitrate, halides
(excluding fluoride), sulphate and sulphide.
Organic Chemistry
Concepts: Hybridisation of carbon; Sigma and pi-bonds;
Shapes of simple organic molecules; Structural and geometrical isomerism;
Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres, (R,S and E,Z nomenclature
excluded); IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only hydrocarbons,
mono-functional and bi-functional compounds); Conformations of ethane and
butane (Newman projections); Resonance and hyperconjugation; Keto-enol
tautomerism; Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple
compounds (only combustion method); Hydrogen bonds: definition and their
effects on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids; Inductive and
resonance effects on acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases; Polarity
and inductive effects in alkyl halides; Reactive intermediates produced during
homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure and
stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.
Preparation,
properties and reactions of alkanes: Homologous
series, physical properties of alkanes (melting points, boiling points and
density); Combustion and halogenation of alkanes; Preparation of alkanes by
Wurtz reaction and decarboxylation reactions.
Preparation,
properties and reactions of alkenes and alkynes: Physical properties of alkenes and alkynes
(boiling points, density and dipole moments); Acidity of alkynes; Acid
catalysed hydration of alkenes and alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry of
addition and elimination); Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone; Reduction
of alkenes and alkynes; Preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination
reactions; Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX
(X=halogen) and H2O; Addition reactions of alkynes; Metal acetylides.
Reactions of
benzene: Structure
and aromaticity; Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration,
sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of o-, m- and p-directing
groups in monosubstituted benzenes.
Phenols: Acidity, electrophilic substitution reactions
(halogenation, nitration and sulphonation); Reimer-Tieman reaction, Kolbe
reaction.
Characteristic reactions of the following (including
those mentioned above): Alkyl halides: rearrangement reactions of alkyl
carbocation, Grignard reactions, nucleophilic substitution
reactions; Alcohols: esterification, dehydration and oxidation, reaction
with sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, conversion of alcohols
into aldehydes and ketones; Ethers:Preparation by Williamson’s Synthesis;
Aldehydes and Ketones: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation;
aldol condensation, Perkin reaction; Cannizzaro reaction; haloform reaction and
nucleophilic addition reactions (Grignard addition); Carboxylic acids:
formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides, ester hydrolysis; Amines:
basicity of substituted anilines and aliphatic amines, preparation from nitro
compounds, reaction with nitrous acid, azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts
of aromatic amines, Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts;
carbylamine reaction; Haloarenes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution in
haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding Benzyne mechanism and Cine
substitution).
Carbohydrates: Classification; mono- and di-saccharides
(glucose and sucrose); Oxidation, reduction, glycoside formation and hydrolysis
of sucrose.
Amino acids
and peptides: General
structure (only primary structure for peptides) and physical properties.
Properties
and uses of some important polymers: Natural
rubber, cellulose, nylon, teflon and PVC.
Practical
organic chemistry: Detection
of elements (N, S, halogens); Detection and identification of the following
functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and
ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro; Chemical methods of separation of
mono-functional organic compounds from binary mixtures.